The Effect of Nurses' Involvement in Malaria Prevention Programs on Disease Incidence at General Hospital, Lafia
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Background of the Study
Malaria remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, contributing to high morbidity and mortality, particularly among children under five and pregnant women (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Despite government efforts to curb malaria through vector control, chemoprevention, and community sensitization, the disease remains endemic in many regions, including Lafia (Bello et al., 2023).
Nurses play a pivotal role in malaria prevention programs through health education, distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), early detection, and promotion of preventive measures (Adebayo & Musa, 2024). Research has shown that active nurse involvement in malaria control can lead to improved knowledge, increased ITN utilization, and higher rates of preventive treatment uptake (Okonkwo et al., 2023).
However, despite these efforts, malaria incidence remains high in Lafia due to factors such as poor compliance with preventive measures, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and environmental conditions that favor mosquito breeding (Eze et al., 2024). This study seeks to evaluate the effect of nurses’ involvement in malaria prevention programs on disease incidence at General Hospital, Lafia, determining the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in reducing malaria cases.
Statement of the Problem
Malaria continues to pose a major health burden in Nigeria, with inadequate preventive measures leading to recurrent outbreaks and high hospital admissions (WHO, 2024). While nurses play a key role in malaria prevention programs, there is limited research on the direct impact of their efforts on disease incidence (Aliyu & Salisu, 2023).
At General Hospital, Lafia, reports indicate that malaria cases remain prevalent despite ongoing prevention campaigns. Factors such as inadequate nurse-patient engagement, low ITN utilization, and gaps in community education contribute to this challenge (Eze & Musa, 2024). Understanding the extent to which nurses' involvement in malaria prevention programs influences disease incidence is critical for optimizing prevention strategies.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the impact of nurses' involvement in malaria prevention programs on disease incidence at General Hospital, Lafia.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led health education in promoting malaria preventive measures.
- To identify challenges limiting nurses' participation in malaria prevention programs.
Research Questions
- How does nurses' involvement in malaria prevention programs affect disease incidence?
- What is the effectiveness of nurse-led health education in promoting malaria preventive measures?
- What challenges do nurses face in implementing malaria prevention programs?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses' involvement in malaria prevention programs significantly reduces disease incidence.
- Nurse-led health education improves community adherence to malaria preventive measures.
- Challenges such as inadequate resources and training limit the effectiveness of nurses in malaria prevention.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on patients diagnosed with malaria at General Hospital, Lafia, and healthcare workers involved in malaria prevention. Limitations may include seasonal variations in malaria incidence, self-reported adherence to prevention measures, and constraints in accessing complete medical records.
Definitions of Terms
- Malaria Prevention Programs: Strategies aimed at reducing malaria transmission, including vector control and health education.
- Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs): Bed nets treated with insecticides to prevent mosquito bites.
- Disease Incidence: The number of new malaria cases within a specific period in a given population.
- Nurse-Led Interventions: Preventive or treatment strategies implemented and managed by nurses to improve health outcomes.
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